Incidences of HBV infection among pre-operative patients of elective surgeries in Tehsil Dargai Malakand KPK, Pakistan Incidences of HBV infection

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis is a deadly liver disease caused by the hepatitis virus (HBV) it is considered the 10th leading cause of death worldwide (WHO) and about 350 million people worldwide suffer from chronic HBV infection. Viral hepatitis is an infectious disease that can transmit from one individual to another individual through blood transfusion, parental routes, and contaminated body fluids like saliva, semen, and blood.

Methodology: In the present study the targeted patients were screened for HBV infection through ICT (Immune Chromatographic Technique) method and the ICT positive cases were confirmed through the ELISA technique. 

Results: A total of 4500 patients were included in this study, out of which 110 cases were found positive for HBV infection. The frequency of Hepatitis B infection was 110 (1.8%) of the total population in the registered patients. The highest ratio of prevalence was found in the age group of 41-60 years (45%). On gender-based study, the infection rate was found higher in males 75 (68.1%) as compared to females 35 (31.8%). The history of the patient's previous surgeries and disease records were also taken. The highest ratio of positivity was found 64 (58.1%) in patients having a blood transfusion in past, followed by previous surgeries 30 (27.2%), dental procedures 10 (9%) and Jaundice was present 6 (5.4%) in seropositive of HBV Patients

Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV infection is very high in hospitalized patients; it might be due to improper screening before surgery. The reason may be the use of non-sterilized surgical instruments, blood products, and lack of untrained staff.